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A new look at how to teach and learn

Universities need to change the way they prepare higher-education teachers for the classroom. By Kelly Matthews.

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  1. Yet another article on Education that begins with the premise of how bad things were, and currently are. Well, I was educated with chalk-and-talk, and somehow thrived despite of it, and so have many of my peers. The world we have today is the result of extraordinary teachers who have gone before us, and I thank them from the bottom of my heart.

    I have taken an interest in Education issues as my own children entered the school system. I have also kept in touch with my old school teachers. The teachers of today have it much harder than those of the past. There are several reasons for this. One of them is the micromanagement of teachers due to University Education Departments obsessing with assessment processes. My old school maths teacher said: “The best thing Universities can do for school teachers is to close down all of their Education Departments”. Perhaps this is too harsh, but I’ve never heard anyone else say something like this about any other University activity.

    No one has ever attempted to tell me how to do my research. However, there is no shortage of Educationalists who are happy to tell me how I should teach. Yet the same skill set is required for success in both: intellectual, organisational and social. Research and Teaching are academic activities which cannot be micromanaged. The reason seasoned academics do not need artificial professional development in either is because they have experienced a great deal already, and can educate themselves whenever required. Not all are great teachers, and not all are great researchers, but none are made better by so-called professional development.

    Education is not an academic discipline. It is one of the most fad-ridden pseudo-academic activities. So much so that websites get created to warn the unwary traveler, see for example http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abandoned_education_methods . Yet Education is the most important activity that any of us ever undertake, on par with raising our own children. It should be left to discipline champions who know how to teach their discipline with a passion and a deep knowledge of its culture.

  2. Igor, Just because the educational ideas of past ( and present!) have been wanting is not I believe a reason to ignore them. I do agree with you that a lot of what passes as “developments” in educational practice have in fact taken us backwards, a case in point, as you point out, is the obsessive fixation on assessment. (Mind you the reasons for that go way beyond the halls of education at Universities!) There are of course many other areas we could look at!
    However I believe there have been many developments in understanding learning and teaching. The old drill and memorise techniques of the past are slowly been consigned to the history books, at least in most of the Western world. The importance of engagement, perception and awareness in the learning process is gaining more and more acceptance however there is still a long way to go to better implementing these understandings so that better “outcomes” are achieved.
    Whatever the case, there is an argument for academics to be asked to look at these issues. Just because you know your subject well, does not mean you will be even interested to helping others to understand it better. Being interested in learning and teaching is I believe something that needs to be instilled/encouraged/developed in academics. I am sure that there are many who are interested. Having a means to encourage and develop that, no matter what your level, is a good place to start.
    That way the high drop out rates at Universities and Institutes may start turning around.

  3. Igor writes: “I was educated with chalk-and-talk, and somehow thrived despite of it, and so have many of my peers.”

    As one of your peers, thriving under “chalk-and-talk” is no proof that it is optimal. You thrived because of your desire to understand and the extra effort you put in. Instead of optimal teaching, most University courses act more as a filter; if students do not pick up a certain way of thinking (e.g. thinking like a physicist), we fail them. The questions are, then, “How can we better communicate ways of thinking?” and, “How do we motivate more students to put in the sustained effort required to fully understand concepts at a deeper level?”. Chalk-and-talk is not the answer to either of these questions.

    Igor writes: The world we have today is the result of extraordinary teachers who have gone before us, and I thank them from the bottom of my heart.

    I too had great teachers—and average teachers and very poor teachers.

    Igor writes: No one has ever attempted to tell me how to do my research.

    Actually, I’m sure that you were advised how to do research as an Honours student, and would have had considerable input and training from your Graduate advisor?

    I agree that “It should be left to discipline champions who know how to teach their discipline with a passion and a deep knowledge of its culture” but would add “and who learn how to effectively communicate these ideas in a way that encourages the sustained effort from the student.”

  4. Further to my previous posting, the 2014 PNAS article Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics is relevant.

    Discussion on this meta-analysis in Science quotes Eric Mazur—a physicist at Harvard University who has campaigned against stale lecturing techniques for 27 years—and the article by John Ross in the Higher Education section of this week’s The Australian quotes the Physics Nobel laureate Carl Wieman who says “Although more effective teaching methods have been overwhelmingly demonstrated, most STEM (science, technology, ­engineering and mathematics) courses are taught by lectures.”

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